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Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof
Maad a Signig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof (variations : Mad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof, Mad a Sinig Coumba Ndoffène Fa mak Diouf, Coumba N'Doffène Diouf, Coumba N'Doffène Diouf I, Maat Sine Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof, etc. - c. 1810〔Mahawa Diouf. L'information Historique: L'exemple du Siin. Ethiopiques n°54 revue semestrielle de culture négro-africaine Nouvelle série volume 7 2e semestre 1991〕 – 23 August 1871〔Klein, Martin A. ''Islam and Imperialism in Senegal, Sine-Saloum 1847–1914'', p. 106. Published by Edingburg University Press (1968). ISBN 0-85224-029-5. Also see footnote on that page: A letter from the Commandant of Gorée to the Governor of Senegal – Thursday 24 August 1871, Archives de la République du Sénégal, Dakar (formerly the archives of the French West African Federation). Wednesday was when dues (taxes) were collected. Such activities like these are forbidden in Serer Religion. This means the King was killed on the previous day when he visited Joal to resolve the Joal crises with the French. Also see: Issa Laye Thiaw, ''La Religiousite des Sereer, Avant et Pendant Leur Islamisation.'' Ethiopiques, No: 54, Revue Semestrielle de Culture Négro-Africaine. Nouvelle Série, Volume 7, 2e Semestre 1991. Also: A. Corre. "Les Sérères de Joal et de Portudal. (1883). Paris, Rev.)〕) was the King of Sine in modern-day Senegal. ''Maad a Sinig'' (var: ''Bour Sine'' or ''Mad a Sinig'') means king of Sine (the Kingdom of Sine). He ruled from 1853 until his death on 23 August 1871. He was the son of Maad Souka Ndela Joof and Lingeer Gnilane Jogoy Joof. His father – Maad Souka Ndela came from The Royal House of Semou Njekeh Joof founded by Maad Semou Njekeh Joof in the early 18th century, which was the third and last Royal House of Joof family of Sine and Saloum (The Joof paternal dynasty of Sine and Saloum).〔Diouf, Niokhobaye. "Chronique du royaume du Sine." Suivie de notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le royaume du Sine par Charles Becker et Victor Martin. (1972). Bulletin de l'Ifan, Tome 34, Série B, n° 4, (1972). pp 14-18 (pp 722-730)〕〔Sarr, Alioune. ''Histoire du Sine-Saloum.'' Introduction, bibliographie et Notes par Charles Becker, BIFAN, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3-4, 1986–1987〕 His paternal family (the Joof family) ruled three Kingdoms : Sine, Kingdom of Saloum and previously the Kingdom of Baol. They descended from Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof the 13th century King of Lâ (''Laah'') in Baol.〔l'epopee De Sanmoon Fay. "La famille Juuf". Ethiopiques n°54 revue semestrielle de culture négro-africaine Nouvelle série volume 7 2e semestre 1991.〕〔Alioune Sarr. Histoire du Sine-Saloum. Introduction, bibliographie et Notes par Charles Becker, BIFAN, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3-4, 1986–1987〕
Kumba Ndoffene Famak's mother – Lingeer Gnilane Jogoy Joof came from the Maternal Dynasty of Guelowar. The Guelowars had ruled two Senegambian Kingdoms : Sine and Saloum. They had also provided two kings of Jolof〔Oumar Ndiaye Leyti. "Le Djoloff et ses Bourba". Nouvelles Editions Africaines, 1981. ISBN 2-7236-0817-4〕 and heirs to the thrones of Cayor and Baol. According to oral tradition, they originated from the royal family of Kaabu in the 14th century who were granted asylum by the Serer nobility of Sine following the alleged Battle of Troubang (1335) in Kaabu.〔Sarr, Alioune, ''Histoire du Sine-Saloum.'' Introduction, bibliographie et Notes par Charles Becker, BIFAN, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3-4, 1986–1987, pp 722-726〕 In reporting this tradition, Henry Gravrand did not notice that this the description of the Battle of Troubang is actually a description of the 1867 (or 1865) Battle of Kansala.〔Sarr, Alioune, ''Histoire du Sine-Saloum (Sénégal)'' Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. 1986-87, p 19〕 The name ''Famak'' (or ''Fa mak'') means ''the elder'' in the Serer language. He should not be confused with his successor Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof (var: Coumba N'Doffène Diouf II) who reigned from c. 1898 to 1924. The name ''Fa Ndeb/Fandeb'' (variations: ''Fa ndeb'' or ''Fandepp'') means ''the younger'' in Serer. The prefix ''Famak'' is a later addition in order to differentiate him from his successor.
== Succession and coronation ==
Kumba Ndoffene Famak succeeded to the throne in 1853 following the death of the young King, Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof.〔Niokhobaye Diouf. Chronique du royaume du Sine. Suivie de Notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le royaume du Sine par Charles Becker et Victor Martin. Bulletin de l'Ifan, Tome 34, Série B, n° 4, 1972. pp 772-774 (pp 47-49)〕〔David Boilat. Esquisses Sénégalaises, Bertrand, 1853, p. 145. (Paris, Karthala, 1984)〕 In September 1853, Kumba Ndoffene Famak was crowned Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Joof from The Royal House of Semou Njekeh Joof. The Great Jaraff (head of the Noble Council of Electors responsible for electing the kings from the Royal Family) presided over the sacred ceremony. Guests included the King's paternal and maternal family as well as the dignitaries of Sine.〔Alioune Sarr,Histoire du Sine-Saloum. Introduction, bibliographie et Notes par Charles Becker, BIFAN, Tome 46, Serie B, n° 3-4, 1986–1987. pp 28-30〕
Maad Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof's succession to the throne went unchallenged during the 19th century.〔Klein, p 46〕
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